Exam 1 Review sheet, fall 2005
This exam review sheet is intended to help you prepare for the exam but should not be considered your only source of study. This is only an outline, and I have left off detailed information, so you should use your notes and text to help you prepare for the exam. You are still responsible for any material we covered in class, whether on this sheet or not. This lists serves only to highlight the main points.
The exam will have some multiple
choice problems. If you are someone who routinely has trouble with this
format, here are some helpful hints:
1. Read the question carefully. Think about what I am actually
asking. Look for any key words such as NOT.
2. Go with your first instinct. Often second guessing and
over-analyzing your answer makes you change to an incorrect answer. Yes there
will be answers similar to the correct one, otherwise it would be too easy, but these are
not meant to confuse, but to be sure you know your stuff!
3. If you have never heard of a word before, it is the incorrect
answer. In an effort to come up with four incorrect choices I often make up a word
that sounds related to the topic at hand, but is a nonsense word. If it is
unfamiliar from the text and lecture, don't chose that answer.
4. Use the process of elimination. Out of 4 to
five possible choices, one is correct, one is a "toughie" --one I think you may
confuse with the real answer, the other 2 to 3 are usually easily eliminated (see number
3). Try to get it down to 2, and then hey, you are down to 50% chance!
5. Please ask if you don't understand the question. I cannot give
you the answer, but sometimes I can rephrase the question in a way that makes more sense
to you. Also, I do make mistakes, I freely admit it, so don't hesitate to point them
out.
The exam will have some short answer problems. Here are a couple of helpful hints:
1. I often ask for the difference between 2 things that we have discussed. Be careful in your answer. For example if I ask "What is the difference between a cat and a cactus". If you answer is "a cat has fur", you have told me something about the cat, but NOT how it is different from a cactus. A correct answer would be: " a cactus has spines on its surface and a cat has fur on its surface"
2. While some of my short answer questions will ask you to list or describe things we learned in class, I like to make you think. I may ask you a question which expects you to know things we learned in class and apply it to a new situation.
3. Please ask if you don't understand the question. I cannot give you the answer, but sometimes I can rephrase the question in a way that makes more sense to you. Also, I do make mistakes, I freely admit it, so don't hesitate to point them out.
Chapter
9
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Who was Gregor Mendel and what did he contribute to genetics? |
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What about Mendel's scientific
approach made him successful where others were not? Why are garden peas a good organism to use fro genetics experiments? |
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What are gametes called in animals and in plants? |
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What is the difference between self-fertilization and cross-fertilization? |
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Understand the terms: monohybrid cross, P generation, F1 generation and F2 generation. |
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Know the terms homozygous or heterozygous. |
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What are alleles? How many alleles does an individual have? How many alleles does a gamete have? How many alleles can there be in a population of organisms? |
Monohydrid cross Monohydrid cross This is a cross involving a single characteristic (monohybrid)
P (parental) PP X pp (crossing truebreeding parents)
F1 Genotype: Pp
Phenotype: purple
F2 ¼ PP + ½ Pp + ¼ pp Genotypes
¾ purple and ¼ white Phenotypes
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Be able to determine the genotypes and phenotyes of offspring from a monohybrid cross and other matings |
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Understand the difference between dominant and recessive traits. |
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How do genotypes and phenotypes differ? Be able to give examples. |
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review incomplete dominance (ex: snapdragons) |
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review codominance (ex: blood types) |
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review pleiotrophy (ex: sickle cell anemia) |
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What is a testcross? How is it done and what does it tell you? |
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albinism, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's
disease which diseases are recessive? dominant? |
Chapter 2
Some Basic Chemistry:
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Know these terms: Matter, Element, Atom , compound, Molecule, covalent bond |
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What are the subatomic particles? What are the four most common elements? What is a trace element? What types of bonds hold atoms together in a molecule? How many bonds can atoms of each of the 4 most common elements form? What is a chemical reaction? What are the reactants and products? |
Chapter 3
Macromolecules:
| Why is carbon central on biological molecules? |
| What is a carbon skeleton? |
| What are functional groups? |
| Be able to recognize certain functional groups |
| Know and be able to list the four types of biological macromolecules. |
| What are the elements which make up macromolecules? |
| Understand that the macromolecules are built by bonding together smaller molecules, known as monomers |
| monomers link together to form polymers |
| Review dehydration synthesis. What does it do? Are water molecules used or produced? |
| Review hydrolysis. What does it do? Are water molecules used or produced? |
Carbohydrates
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Made up of simple sugar monomers called monosaccharides (glucose in particular). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Be able to identify the structure of a monosaccharide (ex: glucose) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Understand: Monosaccharide, disaccharide, Polysaccharide. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Know the stucture and functions
of the following polysaccharides and also how they differ from one another. (are they
found in animals or plants? are they soluble in water? are they structural molecules
or glucose storage molecules? is it digestible by humans?) Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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